{"id":33233,"date":"2022-03-15T15:25:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T13:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.e2.law\/?post_type=clauses&p=33233"},"modified":"2024-05-10T15:25:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T13:25:00","slug":"condition-suspensive","status":"publish","type":"clauses","link":"https:\/\/www.e2.law\/fr\/clauses\/condition-suspensive\/","title":{"rendered":"Condition suspensive"},"content":{"rendered":"

La clause suspensive<\/strong> suspend l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une obligation aussi longtemps que la dite condition ne s\u2019est pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. Elle permet donc de diff\u00e9rer l\u2019exigibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019obligation.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article 1181 du Code civil<\/a> pr\u00e9voit que\u00a0: \u00ab l’obligation contract\u00e9e sous une condition suspensive est celle qui d\u00e9pend ou d’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement futur et incertain, ou d’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement actuellement arriv\u00e9, mais encore inconnu des parties. Dans le premier cas, l’obligation ne peut \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e qu’apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement. Dans le second cas, l’obligation a son effet du jour o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 contract\u00e9e<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Conditions<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment qui conditionne l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de l\u2019obligation doit \u00eatre\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Etre licite<\/strong>. La condition ne peut pas \u00eatre contraire \u00e0 une r\u00e8gle imp\u00e9rative ou d\u2019ordre public, ni aux bonnes m\u0153urs.<\/li>\n
  2. Etre future et incertaine.<\/strong> Si l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment est certain, on parle alors de terme non pas de condition. Par ailleurs, l\u2019incertitude doit \u00eatre ind\u00e9pendante de la volont\u00e9 des parties.<\/li>\n
  3. Etre possible<\/strong>. La condition impossible ne vaut rien puisque sans effet.<\/li>\n
  4. Ne pas \u00eatre purement potestative<\/strong>. Elle ne peut d\u00e9pendre uniquement de la volont\u00e9 d\u2019une des parties.
    \nCeci implique que la condition soit d\u00e9termin\u00e9e ou d\u00e9terminable. Serait potestative la clause qui pr\u00e9voit \u00ab quand le d\u00e9biteur le pourra\/voudra \u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

    <\/i><\/i><\/span>Effets<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
    \n

    La condition suspensive diff\u00e8re l\u2019exigibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019obligation et non pas la conclusion du contrat. Le contrat est valablement conclu \u00e0 sa signature, seule son ex\u00e9cution est diff\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    La convention fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 la loi des parties avant la r\u00e9alisation de la condition.<\/p>\n

    Une fois accomplie, la condition a un effet r\u00e9troactif au jour auquel l\u2019engagement a \u00e9t\u00e9 contract\u00e9 (article 1179<\/a>). La r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la condition n\u2019est pas absolue et est assortie de nombreuses exceptions. Les parties peuvent \u00e9galement y d\u00e9roger conventionnellement.<\/p>\n

    Dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se o\u00f9 la condition est d\u00e9faillie, l\u2019obligation ne doit pas \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e et la convention cesse d\u2019exister pour l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

    <\/i><\/i><\/span>Clause illicite<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
    \n

    La clause impossible est frapp\u00e9e de nullit\u00e9 relative, tandis que la clause illicite est frapp\u00e9e de nullit\u00e9 absolue.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Selon les cas, la nullit\u00e9 de la clause peut entra\u00eener la nullit\u00e9 de l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la convention\/des obligations.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Il revient au juge d\u2019examiner la convention concern\u00e9e et d\u2019\u00e9valuer si la clause frapp\u00e9e de nullit\u00e9 a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 le consentement de l\u2019une des parties ou si elle peut \u00eatre dissoci\u00e9e de la convention.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[141],"tags":[796],"class_list":["post-33233","clauses","type-clauses","status-publish","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-alerts"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCondition suspensive - e2.law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La clause suspensive suspend l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une obligation aussi longtemps que la dite condition ne s\u2019est pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9e.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e2.law\/fr\/clauses\/condition-suspensive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Condition suspensive - 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